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IITM Publication Highlights
Evidence of the linkage between mesoscale eddy activity in the Bay of Bengal and Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall
This study examines the influence of mesoscale eddy activity in the western Bay of Bengal on Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall using observations from 1993–2022 and the Okubo–Weiss parameter to characterize eddies. Anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies are found to enhance (suppress) monsoon rainfall over the monsoon core region by modulating low-level winds, with anticyclonic eddy-dominated years showing up to a ~35% increase relative to the climatological standard deviation. These eddies help offset the adverse impact of El Niño by creating favorable conditions for monsoon low-pressure system formation, aided by a stronger coastal SST gradient in the northwestern Bay of Bengal. Sensitivity experiments with an atmospheric model further confirm the role of mesoscale SST structures and coastal gradients, highlighting a robust ocean–atmosphere linkage between Bay of Bengal eddies and monsoon rainfall variability.
Kiran V.G., Rao Suryachandra A., Pillai P.A., Maurya R.K.S., Srivastava Ankur, Pradhan M., Atmospheric Research, Online, December 2025, DOI:10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108708, 1–44.
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Spatiotemporal Precipitation Nowcasting for Different Rain Types Using C-Band Dual-Polarimetric Radar Observations in Indian Core Monsoon Zone
This study evaluates radar-based rainfall nowcasting over the Core Monsoon Zone using a dual-polarization C-band radar at Silkheda and the PySTEPS ensemble framework. Three optical flow methods (Lucas–Kanade, DARTS, and Variational Echo Tracking) are assessed across five IMD-defined rainfall categories using ROC and Fraction Skill Score metrics. All methods show comparable skill, with DARTS performing better for extremely heavy rainfall up to a +3 h lead time. Nowcasting skill decreases with increasing rainfall intensity and finer spatial resolution, with useful lead times of about 1 h for light–moderate rainfall and up to 2–2.5 h for heavier rain events.
Das Subrata K., Saini S., Kolte Y.K., Murali Krishna U.V., Deshpande S.M., IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 23: 1000405, January 2026, DOI:10.1109/LGRS.2025.3636412, 1–5
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Long-Term Assessment of Near-Surface Air Pollutants at Jaipur: Source Identifications and Their Association with Surface Meteorology
A five-year (2018–2022) long-term assessment of near-surface air pollutants over semi-arid Jaipur revealed that particulate matter (PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅) and NOx frequently exceeded national air quality standards, while SO₂ and ozone remained within permissible limits. A significant reduction in pollutant concentrations was observed in 2020 due to decreased anthropogenic activities during the COVID-19 lockdown. Seasonal analysis showed higher pollution levels during post-monsoon and winter because of limited atmospheric dispersion, while pre-monsoon dust transport from the Thar Desert enhanced particulate concentrations. Back-trajectory analysis indicated that elevated pollution over Jaipur was mainly influenced by air masses originating from western and southwestern regions.
Gupta A., Srivastava A.K., Bisht D.S., Jhamaria C., Long-Term Assessment of Near-Surface Air Pollutants at Jaipur: Source Identifications and Their Association with Surface Meteorology, Pure and Applied Geophysics,, published online, December 2025, DOI:10.1007/s00024-025-03895-9
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Quantifying the annual atmospheric CO₂ burden from biomass burning and its transport time to monitoring sites
This study estimates the impact of biomass burning on atmospheric CO₂ and its transport using model simulations with GFED and GFAS fire emissions from 2003–2019. Biomass burning adds about 1.0–1.5 ppm of CO₂ per year globally, with tropical grasslands and moist forests being the main contributors, though their influence is declining while boreal forest contributions are increasing. CO₂ from fires typically reaches monitoring stations within 6–10 days, mainly controlled by zonal winds, with nearby biomes playing a stronger role in temperate and boreal regions. The fire-driven CO₂ signal is large enough to be detected by both ground-based and satellite observations, underscoring the need for accurate fire emission estimates in carbon cycle studies.
Musaid P.P., Valsala V., Halder S., Tiwari Y.K., Science of The Total Environment, 1011: 181202, January 2026, DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2025.181202, 1–15.
Read MoreNew Publications
Climatological characteristics of ITCZ over the South Asian monsoon domain: Using multivariate probabilistic approach
Kumari P., Preethi B., Mujumdar M., Atmospheric Research, 332: 108709, March 2026, DOI:10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108709
Contrasting tropical precipitation and ecosystem response to Indian Ocean Dipole in a warming climate
Panickal Swapna, Narayanasetti Sandeep, K.N. Alsumaina, R Krishnan, Aswale Ajinkya, Marathe Shamal, O.P. Sreejith, Science of The Total Environment, 971: 179081, 2025, DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179081
From oceanic reorganization to orographic extremes: The role of Arabian Sea dynamics in reshaping Indian monsoon variability since 1990
Arora A, Global and Planetary Change, 256: 105181, January 2026, DOI:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105181, 1–14.
Persistence in physical systems: An application to soil moisture memory
Ingale M., Singh B.B., Mujumdar M., Goswami M., Ganeshi N., Aju C.D., Krishnan R., Ravichandran M., Physical Review Letters, 135: 164201, October 2025, DOI:10.1103/djz5-2lsn.
IITM Events
11th India International Science Festival (IISF) 2025
(6-9 December, 2025)
The 11th India International Science Festival (IISF) 2025, organized by the Ministry of Earth Sciences and coordinated by IITM, Pune, highlighted science-led growth, innovation, under the theme “Vigyan Se Samruddhi: for Aatmanirbhar Bharat.”
The Institutional Curtain Raiser was held at IITM, Pune, on 18 November 2025, inaugurated by Dr. M. Ravichandran, Secretary, MoES, with an overview of IISF 2025 presented by Dr. A. Suryachandra Rao, Director, IITM, at Meghdoot Hall.
International Symposium on Tropical Meteorology (INTROMET-2025)
(18-20 November, 2025)
INTROMET 2025, the 30th edition of the flagship conference series of the Indian Meteorological Society (IMS), organized by the IMS Pune Chapter was successfully hosted at IITM, Pune. As the international symposium held every fourth year under the TROPMET series, INTROMET continues to serve as a premier platform for presenting original research and fostering scientific discussions in meteorology, oceanography, climate science, and related disciplines.
64th Foundation Day of IITM Pune
(17 November 2025)
IITM Pune celebrated its 64th Foundation Day with a focused program highlighting its contributions to monsoon science, climate research, and atmospheric innovation. The event included the Director’s address on IITM’s progress and future roadmap, addresses by leaders from NCMRWF and IMD, the Foundation Day Lecture on drought science by the Chief Guest, presentation of awards and felicitation of former employees, research award lectures, followed by cultural programs and interactions.
11th WMO Scientific Conference on Weather Modification
(3-7 November, 2025)
The 11th WMO Scientific Conference on Weather Modification was held at IITM, Pune, during 3–7 November 2025. Organized by the World Meteorological Organization, the conference focused on advances in weather modification research, including cloud and precipitation physics, modeling studies, field campaigns, and emerging seeding technologies, fostering international scientific exchange and collaboration.