आईआईटीएम
IITM

2008, Best Poster, 19^th Kerala Science Congress.

Referred Journals

1. Gangane A, Pawar S.D., Varikoden H., Gopalakrishnan V., Lal D.M., The Role of Dust Aerosols in Increasing Positive Cloud to Ground Lightning Activity over Western India (Maharashtra), Atmospheric Environment, 360, July 2025, DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121420
2. Nandhulal K., Varikoden H., Vishnu R., A regional study on convective lightning activity and its interaction with sea surface temperature and thermodynamic indices, Discover Atmosphere, 3: 5, March 2025, DOI:10.1007/s44292-025-00032-y, 1-16
3. George C., Varikoden H., Kuttippurath J., Chaluvadi R., Babu C.A., Assessment of Droughts and Floods During the Indian Summer Monsoon Using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 Historical and Future Simulations, International Journal of Climatology, 445: e8729, March 2025, DOI:10.1002/joc.8729, 1-20
4. Varikoden H., Jamshadali V.H., George C., Reshma T., Vishnu R., Historical and future projections of southwest monsoon rainfall extremes: a comprehensive study using CMIP6 simulations, Atmospheric Research, 315: 107870, April 2025, DOI:10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107870, 1-23
5. Nandhulal K., Vishnu R., Sreekanth T.S., Varikoden H., Spatiotemporal changes of lightning incidence and its relationship with dynamic and thermodynamic factors over a lightning prone tropical region, Natural Hazards, Online, November 2024, DOI:10.1007/s11069-024-07049-3, 1-25
6. Amritha S., Varikoden H., Patel V.K., Kuttippurath J., Gopikrishnan G.S., Global, regional and city scale changes in atmospheric NO₂ with environmental laws and policies, Sustainable Cities and Society, 112: 105617, October 2024, DOI:10.1016/j.scs.2024.105617
7. Ancy P., Varikoden H., Babu C.A., Sub-daily scale variations and trends in southwest monsoon rainfall over the West coasts of India and Myanmar, Atmospheric Research, 302: 107296, June 2024, DOI:10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107296, 1-15
8. Linsha C.L, Reshma T, Varikoden H., Vishnu R, Thermodynamic and stability features of the atmospheric boundary layer over Kochi during different monsoon seasons based on radiosonde profiles, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar Terrestrial Physics, 256: 106209, March 2024, DOI:10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106209, 1-13
9. Varikoden H., Jamshadali V.H, Vishnu R., Dynamic aspects of regional extreme rainfall events during the southwest monsoon period over the Indian subcontinent, Journal of Hydrology, 632: 130887, March 2024, DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130887, 1-13
10. Chaluvadi R., Varikoden H., Mujumdar M., Ingle S.T., The combined influence of west Pacific subtropical high and tropical cyclones over the northwest Pacificon Indian summer monsoon rainfall, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 150, January 2024, DOI:10.1002/qj.4640, 1157-1171
11. Suthinkumar P.S., Varikoden H., Babu C.A., Changes in extreme rainfall events in the recent decades and their linkage with atmospheric moisture transport, Global and Planetary Change, 221: 104047, February 2023, DOI:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104047, 1-13
12. Reshma T., Varikoden H., Babu C.A., Trends and Variabilities of Different Rainfall Intensities Over the West Coast and Central India and Their Association with Global SSTs, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 179, December 2022, DOI:10.1007/s00024-022-03179-6, 4689–4709
13. Sudeepkumar B.L., Babu C.A., Varikoden H., Variations in monsoon boundary layer structure with respect to cloudiness over the west coast of India, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 134: 2, February 2022, DOI:10.1007/s00703-021-00839-5, 1-13
14. Chaluvadi R., Varikoden H., Mujumdar M., Ingle S.T., Kuttippurath J., Changes in large-scale circulation over the Indo-Pacific region and its association with 2018 Kerala extreme rainfall event, Atmospheric Research, 263: 105809, December 2021, DOI:10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105809, 1-12
15. Sudeepkumar B.L. Babu C.A., Varikoden H., Thermodynamic structure of monsoon boundary layer over the west coast of India, Atmospheric Research, 261: 105748, October 2021, DOI:10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105748, 1-16
16. Reshma T., Varikoden H., Babu C.A., Observed changes in Indian summer monsoon rainfall at different intensity bins during the past 118 years over five homogeneous regions, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 178, September 2021, DOI:10.1007/s00024-021-02826-8, 3655-3672
17. Jamshadali V.H., Reji M.J.K., Varikoden H., Vishnu R., Spatial variability of south Asian summer monsoon extreme rainfall events and their association with global climate indices, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar Terrestrial Physics, 221: 105708, September 2021, DOI:10.1016/j.jastp.2021.105708, 1-14
18. Hrudya P.H., Varikoden H., Vishnu R., Regional variabilities of rainfall and convective parameters during the summer monsoon period: their linkage with El Niño Southern Oscillation, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 133, August 2021, DOI:10.1007/s00703-021-00802-4, 1223-1232
19. Chaluvadi R., Varikoden H., Mujumdar M., Ingle S.T., Variability of West Pacific subtropical high and its potential importance to the Indian summer monsoon rainfall, International Journal of Climatology, 41, June 2021, DOI:10.1002/joc.7057, 4047-4060
20. Hrudya P.H., Varikoden H., Vishnu R., A review on the Indian summer monsoon rainfall, variability and its association with ENSO and IOD, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 133, February 2021, DOI:10.1007/s00703-020-00734-5, 1-14
21. Joseph J., Girishkumar M.S., Varikoden H., Thangaprakash V.P., Shivaprasad S., Rama Rao E.P., Observed sub-daily variability of latent and sensible heat fluxes in the Bay of Bengal during the summer, Climate Dynamics, 56, February 2021, DOI:10.1007/s00382-020-05512-y, 917-934
22. Hrudya P.P.V.H., Varikoden H., Vishnu R.N., Changes in the relationship between Indian Ocean dipole and Indian summer monsoon rainfall in early and recent multidecadal epochs during different phases of monsoon, International Journal of Climatology, 41, January 2021, DOI:10.1002/joc.6685, E305-E318
23. Kuttippurath J., Murasingh S., Stott P.A., Sarojini B.B., Jha M.K., Kumar P., Nair P.J., Varikoden H., Raj S., Francis P.A., Pandey P.C., Observed rainfall changes in the past century (1901-2019) over the wettest place on earth, Environmental Research Letters, 16: 024018, January 2021, DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/abcf78, 1-15
24. Nair P.J., Varikoden H., Francis P.A, Chakraborty A., Pandey P.C., Atmospheric moisture as a proxy for the ISMR variability and associated extreme weather events, Environmental Research Letters, 16: 014045, January 2021, DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/abcfe0, 1-16
25. Varikoden H., Revadekar J.V., On the extreme rainfall events during the southwest monsoon season in northeast regions of the Indian subcontinent, Meteorological Applications, 27:e1822, February 2020, DOI: 10.1002/met.1822, 1-13
26. Seetha C.J., Varikoden H., Babu C.A., Kuttippurath J., Significant changes in the ENSO-monsoon relationship and associated circulation features on multidecadal timescale, Climate Dynamics, 54, February 2020, DOI:10.1007/s00382-019-05071-x 
27. Somaru Ram, Singh H.N., Yadav R.K., Varikoden H., Nandargi S.S., Srivastava M.K., Variations in vapor pressure and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index since AD 1861 over the western Himalaya in India: inference from tree ring-width records, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Online, January 2020, DOI:10.1007/s00704-019-03075-5, 1-10
28. Suthinkumar P. S., C. A. Babu and Hamza Varikoden, 2019, Spatial Distribution of Extreme Rainfall Events during 2017 Southwest Monsoon over Indian Subcontinent, Pure and Applied Geophysics, DOI: 10.1007/s00024-019-02282-5
29. TS Sreekanth, Hamza Varikoden, GM Kumar, EA Resmi, 2019, Microphysical Features of Rain and Rain events during different Seasons over a Tropical Mountain location using an Optical Disdrometer, Scientific Reports 9 (1), 1-15
30. Zachariah, J., C. A. Babu, and Hamza Varikoden, 2019, Dynamics of westward propagation and intensification of Lakshadweep low in the southern Arabian Sea, Ocean Dynamics, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-019-01263-5
31. Sreekanth T. S., Hamza Varikoden, Resmi E A and G Mohan Kumar, 2019, Classification and Seasonal Distribution of Rain Types based on Surface and Radar Observations over a Tropical Coastal Station, Atmospheric Research, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.11.012
32. Hamza Varikoden, J. V. Revadekar, J. Kuttippurath and C. A. Babu, 2018, Contrasting Trends in Southwest Monsoon Rainfall over the Western Ghats Region of India, Climate Dynamics, doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4397-7
33. Hamza Varikoden, M. Mujumdar, J. V. Revadekar, K. P. Sooraj, M. V. S. Ramarao, J. Sanjay and R. Krishnan, 2018, Assessment of Regional Downscaling Simulations for Long Term Mean, Excess and Deficit Indian Summer Monsoons, Global and Planetary Change. 162, 28–38.
34. Sudeepkumar, BL, CA Babu, Hamza Varikoden, 2018, Characteristics of surface boundary layer during active and weak phases of southwest monsoon over Kochi: A tropical station, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 179, 154-164.
35. Nair, P. J., A. Chakraborty, Hamza Varikoden, P. A. Francis, and J. Kuttippurath, 2018, The local and global climate forcings induced inhomogeneity of Indian rainfall. Scientific reports 8, no. 1 (2018): 6026.
36. Sudeepkumar B L, C A Babu and Hamza Varikoden, 2018, Future Projections of Active-Break Spells of Indian Summer Monsoon in a Climate Change Perspective, Global and Planetary Change, 161, 222–230.
37. Revadekar JV, Hamza Varikoden, PK Murumkar, SA Ahmed, 2018, Latitudinal variation in summer monsoon rainfall over Western Ghat of India and its association with global sea surface temperatures, Science of The Total Environment, 613, 88-97
38. Hamza Varikoden, J. V. Revadekar, 2018, Relation between the rainfall and soil moisture during different phases of Indian monsoon. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 175, 1187–11.
39. Sreekanth TS, Hamza Varikoden, N Sukumar, G Mohan Kumar, 2017, Microphysical characteristics of rainfall during different seasons over a coastal tropical station using disdrometer, Hydrological Processes 31 (14), 2556-2565
40. Mujumdar, M., Sooraj, K. P., Krishnan, R., Preethi, B., Joshi, M. K., Hamza Varikoden, Bhupendar B Singh & Rajeevan, M., 2016, Anomalous convective activity over sub-tropical east Pacific during 2015 and associated boreal summer monsoon teleconnections. Climate Dynamics, 1-11.doi:10.1007/s00382-016-3321-2
41. Hamza Varikoden, Al-shukaili, H. S. A., Babu, C. A., & Samah, A. A., 2016, Rainfall over Oman and its teleconnection with El Niño Southern Oscillation. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 9(8), 1-8. DOI 10.1007/s12517-016-2540-5.
42. Babu, C. A., P. R. Jayakrishnan, Hamza Varikoden, 2016, Characteristics of precipitation pattern in the Arabian Peninsula and its variability associated with ENSO , Arab J Geosci (2016) 9:186 DOI 10.1007/s12517-015-2265-x
43. Samah, A. A., C.A. Babu, Hamza Varikoden, P.R. Jayakrishnan, O.S. Haia, 2016, Thermodynamic and dynamic structure of atmosphere over the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia during the passage of a cold surge, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 146 58–68
44. Revadekar, J.V., Hamza Varikoden, B. Preethi, M. Mujumdar, 2016, Precipitation extremes during Indian summer monsoon: role of cyclonic disturbances, Nat Hazards, DOI 10.1007/s11069-016-2148-9
45. Revadekar, J.V., Hamza Varikoden, P. K. Murumkar, S.A. Ahmed, 2016, On the relationship between sea surface temperatures, circulation parameters and temperatures over west coast of India, Science of the Total Environment, 551–552 175–185
46. Revadekar, J.V . Hamza Varikoden, V.V. Sapre, 2016. Variability in summer monsoon rainfall over Pune, a leeward side station of Western Ghat of India, Special issue on Tropmet-2015 : Vayu Mandal , 41
47. Kulkarni M.K., Revadekar J.V., Hamza Varikoden , Athale, SU. 2016. Thunderstorm days and lightning activity in association with El Nino over Indian Land Mass, Special issue on Tropmet-2015 : Vayu Mandal , 41
48. Hamza Varikoden, J. V. Revadekar, Yogita Choudhary and B. Preethi, 2015, Droughts of Indian Summer Monsoon Associated with El Niño and Non El Niño Years, International Journal of Climatology,35, DOI: 10.1002/joc.4097, 1916-1925.
49. Hamza Varikoden and C. A. Babu, 2015, Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall and its relation with SST in the Equatorial Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, International Journal of Climatology, DOI: 10.1002/joc.4056, 35(6), 1192-1200.
50. Nischitha, S.A. Ahmed, Hamza Varikoden and J.V. Revadekar 2014, The impact of seasonal rainfall variability on NDVI in the Tunga and Bhadra river basins, Karnataka, India, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 35, 8025-8043, DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2014.979301
51. Harikumar, R., Hamza Varikoden, C.A. Babu, R. Vishnu and G. Mohan Kumar, 2014, Evaluation of the consequential features of 2007 south-west monsoon onset and super cyclone 'Gonu' using ground-based, satellite and model data, J. Ind. Geophys. Union, 18, 319-329.
52. Hamza Varikoden, M. R. Ramesh Kumar, and C. A. Babu, 2013, Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall Characteristics During Contrasting Monsoon Years, Pure Appl. Geophys. DOI10.1007/s00024-013-0691-9.
53. Nischitha, S. A. Ahmed, Hamza Varikoden, J. V. Revadekar and G. S. Srinivasa Reddy,    2013 Spatial and temporal variability of daily monsoon rainfall in Tunga and Bhadra River basins, Karnataka, Annals of GIS, 19, 219-230, DOI:10.1080/19475683.2013.843588
54. Hamza Varikoden, K. Krishna Kumar, and C. A. Babu, 2013, Long Term Trends of Seasonal and Monthly rainfall in different Intensity ranges Over indian Subcontinent, Mausam, 64, 481-488  
55. Hamza Varikoden, M. R. Ramesh Kumar, and C. A. Babu, 2014, Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall Characteristics During Contrasting Monsoon Years, Pure Appl. Geophys, 171,1461-1472. DOI 10.1007/s00024-013-0691-9   
56. R. Vishnu, V. Anil Kumar, Hamza Varikoden, K. Sarath Krishnan, T. S. Sreekanth, V. N. Subi Symon, S. Murali Das and G. Mohan Kumar, 2013, Convective thundercloud development over the Western Ghats mountain slope in Kerala, Current Science, 104, 1506-1514   
57. Hamza Varikoden,  B. Preethi, 2013, Wet and dry years of Indian summer monsoon and its relation with Indo-Pacific sea surface temperatures, Int. J. Climatol., 33, 1761-1771. DOI: 10.1002/joc.3547 
58. Hamza Varikoden,  B. Preethi, and J. V. Revadekar, 2012, Diurnal and Spatial Variation of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall Using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Rain Rate, J. Hydrology, 475, 248-258. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.056   
59. Vishnu, R, Hamza Varikoden, V. Anil Kumar, S. Murali Das, G. Mohan Kumar and V. N. Subi Symon, 2012, Abnormal modulation of atmospheric parameters during the tsunami of 2004, Current Science, 102, 1575-1580   
60. Hamza Varikoden, R. Harikumar, R. Vishnu, V. Sasi Kumar, S. Murali Das, S. Sampath and G. Mohan Kumar, 2011, Observational study of cloud base height and its frequency over a tropical station, Thiruvananthapuram using Ceilometer, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 32, 8505-8518. DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2010.542199 (Online)  
61. Hamza Varikoden, B. Preethi, A. A. Samah and C. A. Babu, 2011, Seasonal Variation of Rainfall Characteristics in Different Intensity Classes Over Peninsular Malaysia, J. Hydrology, 404, 99-108   
62. Babu C. A., A. A. Samah and Hamza Varikoden, 2011, Rainfall climatology over Middle East region and its variability, International Journal of Water and Arid Environment, 1, 180-192   
63. Hamza Varikoden, A. A. Samah and C. A. Babu, 2010, Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Rain Intensity in the Peninsular Malaysia using TRMM rain rate, J. Hydrology, 387, 312-319 
64. Hamza Varikoden, A. A. Samah and C. A. Babu, 2010, Cold tongue in the South China Sea during boreal winter and its interaction with atmosphere, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 27, 265-273 
65. Hamza Varikoden, R. Harikumar, V. Sasi Kumar, S. Murali Das, S. Sampath and G. Mohan Kumar, 2009: Properties of cloud base height during southwest monsoon period over a tropical station, Thiruvananthapuram, Current Science., 96, 562-568. 
66. Hamza Varikoden, Sasi Kumar V, Sampath S, Murali Das and Mohan Kumar G, 2008: Diurnal and spatial variations of condensation particles in Kerala, South India, Current Science,94, 233-237. 
67. Hamza V. and Babu C A, 2007: Diurnal Structure of Monsoon Boundary Layer, J. Marine Atmos. Res., 3, 51-59. 
68. Hamza V, Babu C A and Sabin T P, 2007: Characteristic study of the Boundary Layer Parameters over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal Using the QuikSCAT Dataset. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 24, 631-643. 
69. Babu C A, Hamza V, P. K. Kunhikrishnan and Sabin T P, 2007: Characteristics of oscillation in surface layer and above over Kochi, J. Marine Atmos. Res., 3, 59-63. 
70. Hamza V and Babu, 2007: Boundary layer characteristics associated with sea breeze circulation over Cochin, Mausam, 58, 75-86. 
71. Babu C A and Hamza V, 2007: Characteristics of ABL during active and weak phases of monsoon, Vayumandal, 33, 111-119. 
72. Hamza V and Babu C A, 2007: Recent change in the rainfall trend and associated characteristics with good and bad monsoons years, Vayumandal, 33, 105-110.

  Proceedings, Books, Research Reports    

1. Babu C A, A. A. Samah and Hamza Varikoden: Rainfall climatology over middle east region and its variability, proceedings of 4^th International Conference on Water Resources and Arid Environments, 90-102 
2. Babu C.A., Hamza V. and Joseph P.V: A thunderstorm of long duration over Kerala in February, proceedings of INTROMET 2004. 
3. Hamza V. and C. A. Babu: Moisture transport during active and weak phases of monsoon, proceedings of METOC-2004. 
4. Joseph P V, Babu C A and Hamza V: Monsoon Low Level Jetstream and surface wind gustiness, proceedings of METOC-2004. 
5. Hamza V, Babu C A and Sabin T P: Surface turbulence features associated with the sea breeze circulation over Kochi, proceedings of KEC-2005. 
6. Babu C A, Hamza V and Sabin T P: Mud bank (Chakara) formation off coastal Kerala: A meteorological view, proceedings of KEC-2005. 
7. Sabin T. P., C.A. Babu and Hamza V: Coherence of SST off Kerala with Kerala rainfall and its comparison with all India rainfall,proceedings of KEC-2005. 
8. Hamza V, Abish B, Sasi Kumar V, Sampath S, Murali Das and Mohan Kumar G: Diurnal variation of Cloud base height at Thiruvananthapuram: Preliminary findings, proceedings of XIX Kerala Science Congress-2007. 
9. Hamza Varikoden and C. A Babu, Atmospheric Boundary Layer Dynamics: During Different Phases of Indian Summer Monsoon Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN-13: 9783845438306 Publication date: 8/30/2011Pages: 164

Ph. D

2016-Persuing: Ms. Roja CH “Interconnection between the variability of large-scale circulation over Indo-Pacific region and variability of South-Asian Monsoon under changing climate”

M. Sc.

2019 Miss. Seetha C. J. “The Changing Pattern of ENSO-monsoon relationship and associated circulation on multidecadal timescale”

2018 Miss. Anju M. R. “Analysis of extreme rainfall events over Northeast Indian region and their association low level circulation”

2017 Miss. Asia B. S. “Rainfall Variability Over North-East Regions of Indian Subcontinent”

2015 Ms. Shakuntala VM, “Recent flood events and their possible meteorological causes over the Himalayan region”

2014 Ms. Lima CB, “Changes in rainfall characteristics in the changing climate”

2014 Ms. Karthika K, “Understanding the frequency of droughts in future climate based on the CMIP5 models”

2014 Ms. Praveena MG, “Modulations of Indian summer monsoon rainfall variabilities in the present and future scenarios”

2012 Ms. Yogita Choudhari, “Role of ocean and atmospheric parameters in regulating monsoon droughts”